Palmer K, Bäckman L, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Detection of Alzheimer´s disease and dementia in the preclinical phase: population-based cohort study. BMJ 2003;326:245-247 (website version: bmj.com).

Agüero-Torres H. Epidemiology of vascular dementia: summary of the findings from the Kungsholmen project. Research and Practice in AD 2001;5:69-75.

Agüero-Torres H, Winblad B. Alzheimer’s disease and Vascular Dementia: Some points of confluence. Ann NY Acad Sci 2000;309:547-552.

Berger K, Breteler MM, Helmer C, Inzitari D, Fratiglioni L, Trenkwalder C, Hofman A, Launer LJ. Prognosis with Parkinson's disease in europe: A collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurology 2000;54:S24-7.

Fratiglioni L, Launer L, Andersen K, Breteler MMB, Copeland JRM et al. Incidence of dementia and major subtypes in Europe: A collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurology 2000; 45(suppl 5):10-15.

Frisoni GB, Fratiglioni L, Viitanen M, Fastbom J, Winblad B. Cognitive impairment no dementia in the elderly and physical health. J Gerontol Med Sci 2000;55:322-328.

Jagger C, Andersen K, Breteler MM, Copeland JR, Helmer C, Baldereschi M, Fratiglioni L, Lobo A, Soininen H, Hofman A, Launer LJ. Prognosis with dementia in Europe: A collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurology 2000;54:S16-20.

Lobo A, Launer LJ, Fratiglioni L, Andersen K, Di Carlo A, Breteler MM,Copeland JR, Dartigues JF, Jagger C, Martinez-Lage J, Soininen H, Hofman A. Prevalence of dementia and major subtypes in Europe: A collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurology 2000;54:S4-9.

de Rijk MC, Launer LJ, Berger K, Breteler MM, Dartigues JF, Baldereschi M, Fratiglioni L, Lobo A, Martinez-Lage J, Trenkwalder C, Hofman A. Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in Europe: A collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurology 2000;54:S21-3.

Small BJ, Fratiglioni L, Viitanen M, Winblad B, Bäckman L. The course of cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. Three- and 6-year follow-up of a population-based sample. American Medical Association 2000;57:839-844.

Winblad B, Wimo A, Möbius HJ, Fox JM, Fratiglioni L. Severe dementia: a common condition entailing high costs at individual and societal levels. (Editorial) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1999;14:215-222.

Berger A-K, Fratiglioni L, Forsell Y, Bäckman L. The occurrence of depressive symptoms in the preclinical phase of Alzheimer’s disease: A population-based study. Neurology 1999;53:1998-2002.

von Strauss E, Viitanen M, De Ronchi D, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Aging and the occurrence of dementia. Findings from a population-based cohort with a large sample of nonagenarians. Arch Neurol 1999;56:587-592.

Wang HX, Ericsson K, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. The human figure drawing test as a screen for dementia in the elderly: A community-based study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1998;27:25-34.

Ericsson K, Hillerås P, Sundell M-L, Winblad B. Human-Figure-Drawings from age 4 to 104 and in people with impaired cognition. International Journal of Practical Approaches to Disability 1998;21:8-14.

Herlitz A, Small BJ, Fratiglioni L, Almkvist O, Viitanen M, Bäckman L. Detection of mild dementia in community surveys: Is it possible to increase the accuracy of our diagnostic instruments? Arch Neurol 1997;54:319-324.

Small B, Viitanen M, Bäckman L. Mini-Mental State Examination item scores as predictors of Alzheimer’s disease: Incidence data from the Kungsholmen Project, Stockholm. J Gerontol Med Sci 1997;52:299-304.

Small BJ, Herlitz A, Fratiglioni L, Almkvist O, Bäckman L. Cognitive predictors of incident Alzheimer’s disease: A prospective longitudinal study. Neuropsychology 1997;11:413-420.

Ericsson K, Hillerås P, Holmén K, Winblad B. Human Figure Drawing (HFD) in the screening of cognitive impairment in old age. J Med Screen 1996;3:105-109.

Ericsson K, Forsell LG, Holmén K, Viitanen M, Winblad B. Copying and handwriting ability in the screening of cognitive dysfunction in old age. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1996;22:103-121.

Herlitz A, Hill RD, Fratiglioni L, Bäckman L. Episodic memory and visuospatial ability in detecting and staging dementia in a community-based sample of very old adults. J Gerontol Med Sci 1995;50A:107-113.

Ericsson K, Hillerås P, Holmén K, Jorm A, Forsell LG, Almkvist O, Rönnberg L, Winblad B. A short human figure drawing scale for evaluation of suspect cognitive dysfunction in old age. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1994;19:243-251.

Fratiglioni L, Jorm AF, Grut M, Viitanen M, Holmén K, Ahlbom A, Winblad B. Predicting dementia from the Mini-Mental State Examination in an elderly population: The role of education. J Clin Epidemiol 1993;46:281-287.

Grut M, Fratiglioni L, Viitanen M, Winblad B. Accuracy of the Mini-Mental State Examination as screening test for dementia in a Swedish elderly population. Acta Neurol Scand 1993;87:312-317.

Grut M, Jorm AF, Fratiglioni L, Forsell Y, Viitanen M, Winblad B. Memory complaints of elderly people in a population survey: variation according to dementia stage and depression. J Am Geriatr Soc 1993;41:1295-1300.

Jorm AF, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B. Differential diagnosis in dementia: Principal components analysis of clinical data from a population survey. Arch Neurol 1993;50:72-77.

Fratiglioni L, Viitanen M, Bäckman L, Sandman P-O, Winblad B. Occurrence of dementia in advanced age: The study design of the Kungsholmen Project. Neuroepidemiology 1992;11(suppl 1):29-36.

Fratiglioni L, Grut M, Forsell Y, Viitanen M, Winblad B. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in a population survey. Agreement and causes of disagreement in applying DSM III-R criteria. Arch Neurol 1992;49:927-932.

Forsell Y, Fratiglioni L, Grut M, Viitanen M, Winblad B. Clinical staging of dementia in a population survey. Comparison of DSM III-R and the Washington University Clinical Dementia Rating Scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1992;86:49-54.

Fratiglioni L, Grut M, Forsell Y, Grafström M, Holmén K, Eriksson K, Viitanen M, Bäckman L, Ahlbom A, Winblad B. Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in an elderly urban population: Relationship with age, sex and education. Neurology 1991;41:1886-1892.

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1.2 Stroke and other vascular diseases

Di Carlo A, Launer LJ, Breteler MM, Fratiglioni L, Lobo A, Martinez-Lage J, Schmidt R, Hofman A. Frequency of stroke in Europe: A collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurology 2000;54:S28-33.

Schmidt R, Breteler MM, Inzitari D, Fratiglioni L, Hofman A, Launer LJ. Prognosis with stroke in Europe: A collaborative study of population-based cohorts. Neurology 2000;54:S34-7.

Zhu L, Fratiglioni L, Guo Z, Basun H, Corder EH, Winblad B, Viitanen M. Incidence of dementia in relation to stroke and the apolipoprotein E e4 allele in the very old. Findings from a population-based longitudinal study. Stroke 2000;31:53-60.

Zhu L, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B, Viitanen M. Incidence of stroke in relation to cognitive function and dementia in the Kungsholmen project. Neurology 2000;54:2103-2107.

Zhu L, Fratiglioni L, Guo Z, Agüero-Torres H, Winblad B, Viitanen M. Association of stroke with dementia, cognitive impairment, and functional disability in the very old. A population-based study. Stroke 1998;29:2094-2099.

Agüero Torres H, Fratiglioni L, Lindberg J, Winblad B. Hypertension in the elderly population: prevalence data from an urban area in Sweden. Aging (Milano) 1994;6:249-255.

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1.3 Depression and other psychiatric disorders

Berger AK, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B, Bäckman L. Alzheimer´s disease and depression: Preclinical comorbidity effects on cognitive functioning. Cortex in press.

Berger A-K, Fahlander K, Wahlin Å, Bäckman L Negligible effects of depression on verbal and spatial performance in Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2002;13:1-7.

Berger A-K, Small BJ, Forsell Y, Winblad B, Bäckman L. Preclinical symptoms of major depression in very old age: a prospective longitudinal study. Am J Psychiatry 1998;155:1039-1043.

Forsell Y, Jorm AF, Winblad B. The outcome of depression and dysthymia in a very elderly population: results from a three-year follow-up study. Aging & Mental Health 1998;2:100-104.

Forsell Y, B Winblad. Feelings of anxiety and associated variables in a very elderly population. Int J Geriat Psychiatry 1998;13:454-458.
Forsell Y, Henderson S. Epidemiology of paranoid symptoms in an elderly population. Br J Psychiatry 1998;172:429-432.

Forsell Y, Winblad B. Major Depression in a Population of Demented and Non-demented Elderly People: Prevalence and Correlates. J Am Ger Soc 1998;46:27-30.

Forsell Y, Jorm AF, Winblad B. Suicidal thoughts in the elderly and associated factors - Data from a total population based study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997;95:108-111.

Forsell Y, Winblad B. Anxiety disorders in non-demented and demented elderly. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997;62:294-295.

Forsell Y, Winblad B. Psychiatric Symptoms in a Total population of Very Elderly: Data from Physician Examinations and Informant Reports. J Aging Mental Health 1997;1:238-242.

Forsell Y, Jorm AF, von Strauss E, Winblad B. Prevalence and correlates of depression in a population of nonagenarians. Br J Psychiatry 1995;167:61-64.

Forsell Y, Jorm AF, Winblad B. Outcome of depression in demented and non-demented elderly: observations from a three-year follow-up in a community-based study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1994;9:5-10.

Forsell Y, Jorm AF, Fratiglioni L, Grut M, Winblad B. Application of DSM-III-R criteria for Major Depressive episode to elderly subjects with and without dementia. Am J Psychiatry 1993;150:1199-1202.

Forsell Y, Jorm AF, Winblad. Variation of psychiatric and behavioural symptoms in different stages of dementia: data from physicians'
examinations and informants' reports. Dementia 1993;4:282-6.

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1.4 Oral Health

Morse, D.E., et al., Dental caries in persons over the age of 80 living in Kungsholmen. Community Dent Health, 2002(19): p. 262-267.

Morse, D.E., et al., Prosthetic crowns and other clinical risk indicators of caries among old-old Swedish adults. Gerodontology, 2002. 2(19): p. 51-57.

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2. Risk factors

2.1 Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias

Qiu CX, Fratiglioni L. Epidemiology of cerebrovascular disease related cognitive decline. International Psychogeriatrics in press.

Qiu CX, Kivipelto M, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Relation of apoE genotypes to incident Alzheimer’s disease in the Kungsholmen Project: Does it vary by age and gender? JNNP in press.

Anttila T, Helkala EL, Viitanen M, Kareholt I, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B, Soininen H, Tuomilehto J, Nissinen A, Kivipelto M. Alcohol drinking in middle age and subsequent risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in old age: a prospective population based study. BMJ 2004;329:539.

Bunce D, Fratiglioni L, Small B, Winblad B, Bäckman L APOE and cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer disease and non-demented aging. Neurology. 2004;63:816-21.

Bunce D, Kivipelto M, Wahlin Å. Utilization of cognitive support in episodic free recall as a function of apolipoprotein E and vitamin B12 or folate among adults aged 75 years and older. Neuropsychology. 2004;18:362-70.

Huang W, Qiu C, von Strauss E, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. APOE genotype, family history of dementia, and Alzheimer disease risk: a 6-year follow-up study. Arch Neurol. 2004;61:1930-4.

Karp A, Kåreholt I, Qiu CX, Bellander T, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Relation of education and occupation-based socioeconomic status to incident Alzheimer's disease. Am J Epidemiol 2004;159:175-183.

Qiu C, von Strauss E, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Decline in blood pressure over time and risk of dementia: a longitudinal study from the Kungsholmen project. Stroke 2004;35:1810-5.

Qiu CX, Karp A, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L, Bellander T Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields and risk of Alzheimer's disease. Epidemiology. 2004 Nov;15(6):687-94.

Qiu CX, Kivipelto M, Agüero-Torres H, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Risk and protective effects of the APOE gene towards Alzheimer's disease in the Kungsholmen project: variation by age and sex. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75:828-33.

Johansson N, Basun H, Winblad B, Nordberg M. Relationship between mercury concentration in blood, cognitive performance and blood pressure, in an elderly urban population. Bio Metals 2002;15:189-195.

Qiu CX, von Strauss E, Fastbom J, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Low blood pressure and risk of dementia in the Kungsholmen Project: A 6-year follow-up study. Arch Neurol 2003;60:223-228.

Qiu C, Winblad B, Fastbom J, Fratiglioni L. Combined effects of APOE genotype, blood pressure, and antihypertensive drug use on incident AD. Neurology 2003;61:655-660.

Qiu CX, Winblad B, Viitanen M, Fratiglioni L. Pulse pressure and risk of Alzheimer disease in persons aged 75 years and older: A community-based, longitudinal study. Stroke 2003;594-599.

Huang W, Qiu C, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Alcohol consumption and incidence of dementia in a community sample aged 75 years and older. J Clin Epidemiol 2002;55:959-964.

Qiu CX, Karp A, Bellander T, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Lifetime principal occupation and risk of Alzheimer disease in the Kungsholmen Project. Am J Indust Med 2003;43:204-211.

Wang H-X, Karp A, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L Late-Life Engagement in Social and Leisure Activities is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Dementia: A Longitudinal Study from the Kungsholmen Project, Am J Epidemiol 2002;155:1081-1087.

Wahlin Å, Bäckman L, Hultdin J, Adolfsson R, Nilsson, L-G. Reference values of vitamin B12 and folic acid in a population-based sample of adults between 35 and 80 years of age. Journal of Public Health Nutrition 2002;5:505-511.

Guo Z, Fratiglioni L, Viitanen M, Lannfelt L, Basun H, Fastbom J, Winblad B. Apolipoproten E e4 allele and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in a community population aged 75 years and older: variation by use of antihypertensive medication? Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:225-231.

Guo Z, Qiu CX, Viitanen M, Fastbom J, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Blood pressure and dementia in persons 75+ years old: 3-year follow-up results from the Kungsholmen Project. J Alzheimer Dis 2001;3:585-591.

Qiu C, Bäckman L, Winblad B, Agüero-Torres H, Fratiglioni L. The influence of education on clinically diagnosed dementia. Incidence and mortality data from the Kungsholmen Project. Arch Neurol 2001;58:2034-2039.

Wang H-X, Wahlin Å, Basun H, Fastbom J, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Vitamin B12 and folate in relation to the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 2001;56:1188-1194.

Nordberg M, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L, Basun H. Lead concentration in elderly urban people related to blood pressure and mental performance; Results from a population-based study. Am J Ind Med 2000; 38: 290-294.

Fratiglioni L, Wang H-X, Ericsson K, Maytan M, Winblad B. Influence of social network on occurrence of dementia: a community-based longitudinal study. Lancet 2000;355:1315-1319.

Guo Z, Viitanen M, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Low blood pressure and incidence of dementia in a very old sample. Dependent on initial cognition. J Am Ger Soc 1999;47:723-726.

Guo Z, Fratiglioni L, Zhu L, Winblad B, Viitanen M. The occurrence and progression of dementia in a community population aged 75 years and over: in relation to use of antihypertensive medication. Arch Neurol 1999;56:991-996.

Lilius L, Froelich S, Basun H, Forsell C, Axelman K, Mattila K, Andreadis A, Viitanen M, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L, Lannfelt L. Increased risk of Alzheimer's disease due to Tau Gene Polymorphisms and Apolipoprotein E e4. Neuroscience letters 1999;277:29-32.

Wang H-X, Fratiglioni L, Frisoni GB, Viitanen M, Winblad B. Smoking and the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease: cross-sectional and longitudinal data in a population-based study. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149:640-644.

Fratiglioni L, Viitanen M, von Strauss E, Tontodonati V, Herlitz A, Winblad B. Very old women at highest risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Incidence data from the Kungsholmen Project, Stockholm, Neurology 1997;48:132-138.

Guo Z, Viitanen M, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B. Low blood pressure and dementia in elderly people: the Kungsholmen project. BMJ 1996;312:805-808.

Corder EH, Basun H, Lilius L, Corder L, Viitanen M, Winblad B, Lannfelt L. Alzheimer's disease risk in relation to a1- antichymotrypsin and apolipoprotein E polymorphism in very old adults age 75+. Alzheimer's Res 1996;2:51-54.

Corder EH, Basun H, Lannfelt L, Viitanen M, Winblad B, Strittmatter WJ, et al. Apolipoprotein E-e4 gene dose. Lancet 1995;346:967.

Lannfelt L, Lilius L, Nastase M, Viitanen M, Fratiglioni L, Eggertsen G, Berglund L, Angelin B, Linder J, Winblad B, Basun H. Lack of association between apolipoprotein E allele e4 and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Letts 1994;169:175-178.

Basun H, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B. Cobalamin levels are not reduced in Alzheimer's disease. Results from a population-based study. J Am Geriatr Soc 1994;42:132-136.

Basun H, Lind B, Nordberg M, Nordström M, Sparring-Björkstén K, Winblad B. Cadmium in blood in Alzheimer's disease and non-demented subjects. Results from a population-based study. Biometals 1994;7:130-134.

Fratiglioni L, Ahlbom A, Viitanen M, Winblad B. Risk factors for late onset Alzheimer's disease: A population-based case-control study. Ann Neurol 1993;33:258-266.

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2.2 Cognitive impairment

De Ronchi D, Faranca I, Borderi M, Manfredi R, Lunardi A, Fratiglioni L. Risk factors for cognitive impairment in HIV-1 infected persons with different risk behaviors. Arch Neurol 2002;59:812-818.

Hassing L, Wahlin Å, Winblad B, Bäckman L. Further evidence for the effects of vitamin B12 and folate status on episodic memory functioning: A population-based study of very old adults. Biol Psychiatr 1999;45:1472-1480.

Small BJ, Basun H, Bäckman L. Three-year changes in cognitive performance as a function of apolipoprotein E genotype: Evidence from very old nondemented adults. Psychology and Aging. 1998;13:80-87.

Zhu L, Viitanen M, Guo Z, Winblad B. Blood pressure reduction, cardiovascular diseases and cognitive decline in the Mini-Mental State Examination in a community population of normal very old people: a three year follow-up. J Clin Epidemiol 1998;51:385-391.

Guo Z, Viitanen M, Winblad B. Clinical correlates of low blood pressure in the very old: The importance of cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997;45:701-705.

Guo Z, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B, Viitanen M. Blood pressure and performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination in the very old: Cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the Kungsholmen project. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:1106-1113.

Wahlin Å, Bäckman L, Hill RD, Winblad B. Mätning av folsyra och vitamin B12 hos äldre: Låga serumvärden ger sämre minne. Läkartidningen 1997;94:2177-2182.

Wahlin Å, Hill RD, Winblad B, Bäckman L. Effects of serum vitamin B12 and folate status on episodic memory performance in very old age: A population-based study. Psychol Aging 1996;11:487-496.

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2.3 Stroke

Corder EH, Basun H, Fratiglioni L, Guo Z, Lannfelt L, Viitanen M, Corder LS, Manton KG, Winblad B. ApoE alleles determine survival after a diagnosis of heart disease or stroke at age 85+. Ann NY Accad Sc 2000;908:295-298.

Basun H, Corder E, Guo Z, Lannfelt L, Corder L, Manton K, Winblad B, Viitanen M. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and stroke in a population sample aged 75 years or more. Stroke 1996;27:1310-1315.

Corder EH, Basun H, Lannfelt L, Viitanen M, Winblad B. Attenuation of apolipoprotein E e4 allele gene dose in late age. Lancet 1996;347:542.

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2.4 Psychiatric disorders

Forsell Y, Basun H, Corder E, Lannfelt, Winblad B. Psychotic Symptoms and Apolipoprotein E Genotypes in an Elderly Population. Biological Psychiatry 1998;44:139-140.

Forsell Y, Corder EH, Basun H, Lannfelt L, Viitanen M, Winblad B. Depression and dementia in relation to Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism in a population sample age 75+. Biol Psychiatry 1997;42:898-903.

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3. Functioning

3.1 Disability in activities of daily living

von Strauss E, Aguero-Torres H, Kåreholt I, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Women are more disabled in basic actitivity of daily living than men only in very advanced ages. A study on disability, morbidity and mortality from the Kungsholmen project. J Clin Epidemiol 2003;56:669-677.

Aguero-Torres H, Thomas V, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. The impact of somatic and cognitive disorders on the functional status of the elderly. J Clin Epidemiol 2002;55:1007-1012.

Agüero-Torres H, Hillerås PK, Winblad B. Disability in activities of daily living in the elderly. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2001;14:361-365.

von Strauss E, Fratiglioni L, Viitanen M, Forsell Y, Winblad B. Morbidity and co-morbidity to functional status: A community-based study of the oldest-old (90+ years). J Am Geriatr Soc 2000;48:1462-1469.

Agüero Torres H, Fratiglioni L, Guo Z, Viitanen M, von Strauss E, Winblad B. Dementia is the major cause of functional dependence in the elderly. Three-year follow-up data from a population-based study. Am J Public Health 1998;88:1452-1456.

Hill RD, Bäckman L, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B. Determinants of functional ability in dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995;43:1092-1097.

Forsell Y, Jorm AF, Winblad B. Association of age, sex, cognitive dysfunction, and disability with major depressive symptoms in an elderly sample. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:1600-1604.

Holmén K, Ericsson K, Andersson L, Winblad B. ADL capacity and loneliness among elderly persons with cognitive functional impairments. Scand J Prim Health Care 1993;11:56-60.

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3.2 Cognitive functioning in dementia and psychiatric disease

Jones S, Laukka EJ, Fratiglioni L, Bäckman L. Differential verbal fluency deficits in the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Cortex in press.

Bäckman L, Jones S, Berger A-K, Jonsson Laukka E, Small BJ. Multiple cognitive deficits during the transition to Alzheimre´s disease. J Intern Med 2004;256(3):195-204.

Jonsson Laukka E, Jones S, Fratiglioni L, Bäckman L. Cognitive functioning in preclinical vascular dementia: A six-year follow-up. Stroke 2004;35:1805-1809.

Jones S, Jonsson Laukka E, Small BJ, Fratiglioni L, Bäckman L. A preclinical phase in vascular dementia: Cognitive impairment three years before diagnosis. Dem Geriatr Cognit Disord 2004;18:233-239.

Jonsson Laukka E, Jones S, Small BJ, Fratiglioni L, Bäckman L. Similar patterns of cognitive deficits in the preclinical phases of vascular dementia and Alzheimer´s disease. JINS 2004;10:382-91.

Bäckman L, Jones S, Small BJ, Aguero-Torres H, Fratiglioni L. Rate of cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: the role of comorbidity. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2003;58(4):P228-36.

Small BJ, Jones S, Jonsson E, Bäckman L. Cognitive deficits in preclinical Alzheimer´s disease. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2003;107:29-33.

Fahlander K, Wahlin Å, Almkvist O, Bäckman L. Cognitive functioning in Alzheimer´s disease and vascular dementia: Further evidence for similar patterns of deficits. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 2002;24:734-744.

Hassing L, Small BJ, von Strauss E, Fratiglioni L, Bäckman L. Mortality-related differences and changes in episodic memory among the oldest old: evidence from a population-based sample of nonagenarians. Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition 2002;9:11-20.

Jones S, Small BJ, Fratiglioni L, Bäckman L. Predictors of cognitive change from preclinical to clinical Alzheimer´s disease. Brain and Cognition 2002;49:210-213.

Bäckman L, Small B, Fratiglioni L. Stability of the preclinical episodic memory deficit in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 2001;124:96-102.

Small BJ, Fratiglioni L, Bäckman L. Canaries in a coal mine: Preclinical cognitive markers of Alzheimer's disease. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58: 859-860.

Almkvist O, Fratiglioni L, Agüero-Torres H, Viitanen M, Winblad B. Cognitive support at episodic encoding and retrieval: Similar patterns of utilization in community-based samples of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia patients. J Clin Exp Neuropsychology 1999;21:816-830.

Bäckman L, Small BJ. Influences of cognitive support on episodic remembering: Tracing the process of loss from normal aging to Alzheimer’s disease. Psychol Aging 1998;13:267-276.

Small BJ, Bäckman L. Predictors of longitudinal changes in memory, visuospatial and verbal performance in very old demented adults. Dementia 1998;9:258-266.

Hassing L, Bäckman L. Patterns of episodic memory in population-based samples of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Dementia 1997;8:376-383.

Small BJ, Viitanen M, Winblad B, Bäckman L. Cognitive changes in very-old demented persons: The influence of demographic, biological and psychometric variables. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1997;19:245-260.

Bäckman L. Utilizing compensatory task conditions for episodic memory in Alzheimer’s disease. Acta Neurol Scand 1996;93:109-113.

Bäckman L, Hassing L, Forsell Y, Viitanen M. Episodic remembering in a population-based sample of nonagenarians: Does major depression exacerbate the memory deficits seen in Alzheimer’s disease? Psychol Aging 1996;11:649-657.

Bäckman L, Hill RD, Forsell Y. The influence of depressive symptomatology on episodic memory functioning among clinically nondepressed older adults. J Abnorm Psychol 1996;105:97-105.

Herlitz A, Forsell Y. Episodic memory deficit in elderly adults with suspected delusional disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996;105:355-361.

Hill RD, Bäckman L, Wahlin Å, Winblad B. Visuospatial performance in very old demented persons: An individual difference analysis. Dementia 1995;6:49-54.

Bäckman L, Hill RD, Herlitz A, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B. Predicting episodic memory performance in dementia: Is severity all there is? Psychol Aging 1994;9:520-527.

Bäckman L, Forsell Y. Episodic memory functioning in a community-based sample of old adults with major depression: Utilization of cognitive support. J Abnorm Psychol 1994;103:361-370.

Herlitz A, Viitanen M. Semantic organization and verbal episodic memory in patients with mild and moderate Alzheimer’s disease. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1991;13:559-574.

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3.3 Cognitive functioning in ageing

Lövdén M, Wahlin Å. The sensory-cognition association in adulthood: Different magnitudes in processing resources, episodic memory, and false memory. Scand J Psychol in press.

Rönnlund M, Nyberg L, Bäckman L, Nilsson LG. Stability, growth, and decline in adult life span development of declarative memory: cross-sectional and longitudinal data from a population-based study. Psychol Aging 2005;20:3-18.

Lövdén M, Rönnlund M, Wahlin Å, Bäckman L, Nyberg L, Nilsson L-G. The extent of stability and change in episodic and semantic memory in old age: demographic predictors of level and change. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2004;59:P130-4.

Maitland SB, Herlitz A, Nyberg L, Bäckman L, Nilsson L-G. Selective sex differences in declarative memory. Mem Cognit. 2004;32:1160-9.

Nyberg L, Maitland SB, Rönnlund M, Bäckman L, Dixon RA, Wahlin Å, Nilsson L-G. Selective adult age differences in an age-invariant multi-factor model of declarative memory. Psychology and Aging 2003;18:149-160.

Small BJ, Fratiglioni L, von Strauss E, Backman L. Terminal decline and cognitive performance in very old age: does cause of death matter? Psychol Aging 2003;18:193-202.

Wahlin Å, Maitland SB, Bäckman L, Dixon RA. Interrelations between subjective health and episodic memory change in Swedish and Canadian samples of older adults. International Journal of Aging and Human Development 2003;57:21-35.

Bäckman L, Jonsson Laukka E, Wahlin Å, Small BJ, Fratiglioni L. Influences of preclinical dementia and impending death on the magnitude of age-related cognitive deficits. Psychology and Aging 2002;17:435-442.

Nilsson L-G, Nyberg L, Bäckman L. Genetic variation in memory functioning. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 2002;26:841-848.

Dixon RA, Wahlin Å, Maitland SB, Hultsch DV, Hertzog C, Bäckman L. Profiles of episodic memory change in late adulthood: Generalizability across samples and performance indices. Mem Cognit in press.

Nilsson E, Fastbom J, Wahlin Å. Cognitive functioning in very old non-demented and non-depressed persons: The impact of diabetes. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2002;35:95-105.

Wahlin Å, Nilsson E, Fastbom J. Cognitive performance in very old diabetic persons: The impact of semantic structure, preclinical dementia and impending death. Neuropsychology 2002;16:208-216.

Robins Wahlin T-B, Winblad B, Wahlin Å, Bäckman L. The influence of serum vitamin B12 and folate status on cognitive functioning in very old age. Biol Psychol 2001;56:247-265.

Fahlander K, Wahlin Å, Fastbom J, Grut M, Forsell Y, Hill RD, Winblad B, Bäckman L. The relationship between signs of cardiovascular deficiency and cognitive performance in old age: A population-based study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2000;55:P259-65.

Bäckman L, Ginovart N, Dixon RA, Robins Wahlin T-B, Wahlin Å, Halldin C, Farde L. Age-related cognitive dificits are mediated by changes in the striatal dopamine system. Am J Psychiatry 2000;157:635-637.

Hassing L, Wahlin Å, Bäckman L. Minimal influence of age, education, and gender on episodic memory functioning in very old age. A population-based study of nonagenarians. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1998;27:75-87.

Bäckman L, Hill RD, Herlitz A, Robins Wahlin T-B, Wahlin Å, Winblad B. Verbal and nonverbal episodic memory performance in a 2-year longitudinal study of optimally healthy very old adults. J Ment Health Aging 1998;4:139-154.

Wahlin Å, Robins Wahlin T-B, Small BJ, Bäckman L. Influences of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone on cognitive functioning in very old age. J Gerontol Psychol Sci 1998;53B:234-239.

Hill RD, Stigsdotter Neely A, Bäckman L. Predictors of change on the Fuld Object Memory Evaluation in a 2-year longitudinal study of optimally healthy very old adults. Aging Ment Health 1997;1:140-148.

Hopp G, Dixon RA, Grut M, Bäckman L. Longitudinal and psychometric profiles of two cognitive status tests in very old adults. J Clin Psychol 1997;53:673-686.

Robins Wahlin T-B, Bäckman L, Wahlin Å, Winblad B. Trail Making Test performance in a community-based sample of healthy very old adults: Effects of age on completion time, but not on accuracy. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1996;22:87-102.

Bäckman L, Wahlin Å. Influences of item organizability and semantic retrieval cues on episodic recall in very old age. Aging Cognit 1995;2:312-325.

Hill RD, Bäckman L. The relationship between the Mini-Mental State Examination and cognitive functioning in normal elderly adults: A componential analysis. Age Ageing 1995;24:440-446.

Hill RD, Grut M, Wahlin Å, Herlitz A, Winblad B, Bäckman L. Predicting memory performance in optimally healthy very old adults. J Ment Health and Aging 1995;1:55-65.

Hill RD, Wahlin Å, Winblad B, Bäckman L. The role of demographic and life-style variables in utilizing cognitive support for episodic remembering among very old adults. J Gerontol Psychol Sci 1995;50B:219-227.

Wahlin Å, Bäckman L, Winblad B. Free recall and recognition of slowly and rapidly presented words in very old age: A community-based study. Exp Aging Res 1995;21:251-271.

Robins Wahlin TB, Bäckman L, Wahlin Å, Winblad B. Visuospatial functioning and spatial orientation in a community-based sample of healthy very old persons. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1993;17:165-177.

Wahlin Å, Bäckman L, Mäntylä T, Herlitz A, Viitanen M, Winblad B. Prior knowledge and face recognition in a community-based sample of healthy very old adults. J Gerontol Psychol Sci 1993;48:P54-P61.

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3.4 Well being

Westerbotn M, Aguero-Torres H, Fastbom J, Hillerås P. A population-based study on well-being in the very old: the role of cardiovascular diseases and drugs. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2005;40:287-297.

Hillerås P, Aguero-Torres H, Jorm AF, Westerbotn M, Winblad B. Well-being in nonagenarians and the impact of objective health. Brain Aging 2002;2:31-35.

Hillerås P, Politt P, Medway J, Ericsson K. Nonagenarians: A qualitative exploration of individual differences. Ageing and Society in press.

Hillerås P, Aguero-Torres H, Winblad B. Factors Influencing Well-Being In the Elderly. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 2001;4:355-359.

Hillerås P, Jorm AF, Herlitz A. Winblad B. Life satisfaction among the very old: A survey on a cognitively intact sample aged 90 years or above. Inter J Aging Human Develop 2001;52:71-90.

Hillerås P, Jorm A, Herlitz A, Winblad B. Activity patterns among the very old: A survey on a cognitively intact sample aged 90 years or above. Age and Ageing 1999;28:147-152.

Holmén K, Ericsson K, Winblad B. Quality of life among elderly: State of mood and loneliness in two selected groups. Scand J Caring Sci 1999;13:91-95.

Hillerås P, Jorm A, Herlitz A, Winblad B. Negative and positive affect among the very old: A survey on a sample aged 90 years or above. Research on Ageing. 1998;20:593-610.

Nilsson M, Ekman SL, Ericsson K, Winblad B. Some characteristics of the quality of life in old age illustrated by means of Allardt’s concept. Scand J Caring Sci 1996;10:116-121.

Holmén K, Ericsson K, Winblad B. Loneliness and living conditions of the oldest old. Scand J Soc Med 1994;22:15-19.

Holmén K, Ericsson K, Andersson L, Rydberg L, Winblad B. Visual impairment related to cognition and loneliness in old age. Scand J Caring Sci 1994;8:99-105.

Holmén K, Ericsson K, Andersson L, Winblad B. Loneliness among elderly people living in Stockholm: a population study. J Adv Nurs 1992;17:43-51.

Holmén K, Ericsson K, Andersson L, Winblad B. Subjective loneliness - A comparison between elderly and relatives. Nurs Sci Res in the Nordic Countries (Vård i Norden) 1992;12(2):9-13.

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4. Natural History

4.1 Natural history of dementia

Aguero-Torres H, Qiu C, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Dementing disorders in the elderly: Evolution of disease severity over seven years. Alzh Dis Rel Dis 2002;16:221-227.

Palmer K, Wang Hui-Xin, Bäckman L, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Differential evolution in non demented older persons: Results from the Kungsholmen Project. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:435-442.

Frisoni GB, Fratiglioni L, Fastbom J, Guo Z, Viitanen M, Winblad B. Mild cognitive impairment in the population and physical health: data on 1,435 individuals aged 75 to 95. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2000;55:M322-8.

Frisoni GB, Fratiglioni L, Viitanen M, Fastbom J, Winblad B. Survival in non-demented elderly with cognitive impairment: the influence of health-related factors. Am J Epidemiol, 1999;150:1031-1044.

Agüero-Torres H, Fratiglioni L, Guo Z, Viitanen M, Winblad B. Mortality from dementia in advanced age. A 5-year follow-up study of incident dementia cases. J Clin Epidemiol 1999;58(8):737-743.

Agüero Torres H, Fratiglioni, Winblad B. Natural history of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: review of the literature in the light of the findings from the Kungsholmen Project. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1998;13:755-766.

Agüero Torres H, Fratiglioni L, Guo Z, Viitanen M, Winblad B. Prognostic factors in very old demented adults: A seven-year follow-up from a population-based survey in Stockholm. J Am Ger Soc 1998;46:444-452.

Basun H, Grut M, Winblad B, Lannfelt L. Apolipoprotein e4 allele and disease progression in patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Letts 1995;183:32-34.

Agüero Torres H, Fratiglioni L, Hoffman W, Winblad B. Early symptoms and neurological findings in demented subjects from a community survey. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1995;9:170-175.

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4.2 Mortality in the general population

Guo Z, Viitanen M, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B. Low blood pressure and early death of elderly people with dementia. Lancet 1998;352:1035-1036.

Guo Z, Viitanen M, Winblad B. Low blood pressure and five-year mortality in a Stockholm cohort of the very old: possible confounding by cognitive impairment and other factors. Am J Public Health 1997;87:623-628.

Small BJ, Bäckman L. Cognitive correlates of mortality: Evidence from a population-based sample of very old adults. Psychol Aging 1997;12:309-313.

Corder EH, Lannfelt L, Viitanen M, Corder L, Manton K, Winblad B, Basun H. Apolipoprotein E genotype determines survival in the oldest old (85 years or older) who have good cognition. Arch Neurol 1996;53:418-422.

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5. Pharmacoepidemiology

Forsell Y, Fastbom J. Psychotropic drug use in relation to psychiatric syndromes in a very elderly population. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry in press.

Cornelius C, Fastbom J, Winblad B, Viitanen M. Aspirin, NSAIDs, risk of dementia, and influence of the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele in an elderly population. Neuroepidemiology 2004;23:135-143.

Klarin I, Wimo A, Fastbom J. The association of inappropriate drug use with hospitalisation and mortality: a population-based study of the very old. Drugs Aging. 2005;22:69-82.

Passare G, Viitanen M, Törring O, Winblad B, Fastbom J. Sodium and Potassium Disturbances in the Elderly: Prevalence and Association with Drug Use. Clin Drug Invest 2004;24(9):535-544.

Klarin I, Fastbom J, Wimo A. A population-based study of drug use in the very old livig in a rural district of Sweden, with focus on cardiovascular drug consumption: comparison with an urban cohort. Pharmaco-epidemiology and drug safety 2003;12:669-678.

Giron MST, Forsell Y, Wang H-X, Bernsten C, Thorslund M, Winblad, Fastbom J. Sleep problems in a very old population: drug use and other clinical correlates. J Gerontol 2002;57:M236-40.

Giron MST, Wang H-X, Bernsten C, Thorslund M, Winblad B, Fastbom J. The appropriateness of drug use in an older nondemented and demented population. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49:277-283.

Giron MST, Forsell Y, Bernsten C, Thorslund M, Winblad B, Fastbom J. Psychotropic drug use in elderly people with and without dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001;16:900-906.

Winblad B, Engedal K, Soininen H, Verhey F, Waldemar G, Wimo A, Wetterholm AL, Zhang R, Haglund A, Subbiah P. A 1-year, randomized, placebo-controlled study of donepezil in patients with mild to moderate AD. Neurology 2001;14;57(3):489-95.

Schmidt I, Fastbom J. Quality of drug use in Swedish nursing homes. A follow-up study. Clin Drug Inv 2000;20(6):433-446.

Giron MST, Claesson C, Thorslund M, Oke T, Winblad B, Fastbom J. Drug use patterns in a very elderly population. A seven-year review. Clin Drug Invest 1999;17:389-398.

Grimby C, Fastbom J, Winblad B. Musculoskeletal pain and analgesic therapy in an elderly population. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1999;29:29-43.

Guo Z, Wills P, Viitanen M, Fastbom J, Winblad B. Cognitive impairment, drug use, and the risk of hip fracture in persons over 75 years old: A community-based prospective study. Am J Epidemiol 1998;148:887-892.

Fastbom J, Forsell Y, Winblad B. Benzodiazepines may have protective effects against Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1998;12:14-17.

Passare G, Guo Z, Winblad B, Fastbom J. Drug use and low blood pressure in the Elderly. A study of data from the Kungsholmen Project. Clin Drug Invest 1998;15:497-506.

Cornelius C, Fastbom J, Claesson C, Wills P, Thorslund M, Viitanen M, Winblad B. Self-reported symptoms in the elderly. Prevalence and association with drug use. Clin Drug Invest 1997;13:105-117.

Forsell Y, Winblad B. Psychiatric disturbances and the use of psychotropic drugs in a population of nonagenarians. Int J Ger Psychiatry 1997;12:533-536.

Wills P, Claesson C, Fratiglioni L, Fastbom J, Thorslund M, Winblad B. Drug use by demented and non-demented elderly people. Age Ageing 1997;26:383-391.

Wills P, Fastbom J, Claesson C, Cornelius C, Thorslund M, Winblad B. Use of cardiovascular drugs in an older Swedish population. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996;44:54-60.

Fastbom J, Willis P Cornelius C, Viitanen M, Winblad, B. Levels of serum creatinine and estimated creatinine clearance over the age of 75: a study of an elderly Swedish population. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1996;23:179-188.

Fastbom J, Claesson C. The use of medicines with anticholinergic effects in older people: A population study in an urban area of Sweden. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995;43:1135-1140.

Lindberg J, Claesson CB, Cornelius C, Fratiglioni L, Thorslund M, Winblad B. Medicine use in the elderly: a population study in an urban area of Sweden. Drug Invest 1994;8(4):241-253.

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6. Care

6.1 Family care

Patterns of elderly spousal caregiving in dementia care: an observational study. J Adv Nurs. 2001;34:804-12.

Janson W, Almberg B, Grafström M, Winblad B. A daughter is a daughter for the whole of her life. A study of daughter's responsibility for demented parents. Health Care in Later Life 1998;3:272-284.

Janson W, Almberg B, Grafström M, Winblad B. The circle model - support for relatives of people with dementia. Int J Geriatr Psyciatr 1998;13:667-673.

Almberg B, Jansson W, Grafström M, Winblad B. Differences between and within genders in caregiving strain: A comparison between caregivers of demented and non-caregivers of non-demented elderly. J Adv Nurs 1998;28:849-858.

Grafström M. Caring for a demented elderly at home - attitudes and experience of burden as reported by relatives. Japan Psycho-geriatrics Society 1998;2:128-132.

Jansson W, Grafström M, Winblad B. Daughters and sons as caregivers for their demented and non-demented parents. A part of a population-based study carried out in Sweden. Scand J Soc Med 1997;25:289-295.

Almberg B, Grafström M, Winblad B. Major strain and coping strategies as reported by family members who care for aged demented relatives. J Adv Nurs 1997;26:683-691.

Almberg B, Grafström M, Winblad B. Caring for a demented elderly - burden and burnout among caregiving relatives. J Adv Nurs 1997;25:109-116.

Grafström M. How do we prevent the family caregivers "closing the door"? Int Psychogeriatr 1996;8(1):137-39.

Grafström M, Winblad B. Family Burden in the care of the demented and non-demented elderly - a longitudinal study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1995;9:78-86.

Grafström M, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B. Caring for an elderly person. Predictors of burden in dementia care. Int J Ger Psychiatr 1994;9:373-379.

Grafström M, Norberg A, Hagberg B. Relationships between demented elderly people and their families: a follow-up study of caregivers who had previously reported abuse when caring for their spouses and parents. J Adv Nurs 1993;18:1747-1757.

Grafström M, Norberg A, Winblad B. Abuse is in the eye of the beholder: reports by family members about abuse of demented persons in home care. A total population-based study. Scand J Soc Med 1993;21:247-255.

Grafström M, Fratiglioni L, Sandman P-O, Winblad B. Health and social consequences for relatives of demented and non-demented elderly. A population-based study. J Clin Epidemiol 1992;45:861-870.

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6.2 Institutionalization

Marengoni A, Aguero-Torres H, Cossi S, Ghisla MK, De Martinis M, Leonardi R, Fratiglioni L. Poor mental and physical health differentially contributes to disability in hospitalized geriatric patients of different ages. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2004;19:27-34.

Agüero Torres H, von Strauss E, Viitanen M, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Institutionalisation in the elderly: the role of chronic diseases and dementia. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data from a population-based study. J Clin Epidemiol 2001;54:795-801.

Agüero H, Kabir ZN, Winblad B. Distribution of home help services in an elderly urban population: Data from the Kungsholmen Project. Scand J Social Welfare 1995;4:274-279.

Fratiglioni L, Forsell Y, Agüero Torres H, Winblad B. Severity of dementia and Institutionalization in the elderly: Prevalence data from an urban area in Sweden. Neuroepidemiology 1994;13:79-88.

Holmén K, Ericsson K, Winblad B. Äldres boende - förr och nu. Soc Med Tidskr 1991;68(6):317-323

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6.3 Ethical aspects

von Strauss E, Fratiglioni L, Jorm AF, Viitanen M, Winblad B. Attitudes and participation of the elderly in population surveys. Data from a longitudinal study on aging and dementia in Stockholm. J Clin Epidemiol 1998;3:181-187.

Grafström M, Winblad B, Homma A, Rossor M. International commentaries on “Guidelines for addressing ethical and legal issues in Alzheimer Disease research“. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1995;9:188-92.

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7. Health economics

Jönsson L, Gerth W, Fastbom J. The potential economic consequences of cognitive improvement with losartan. Blood Pressure in press.

Wimo A, Winblad B. Societal burden and economics of vascular dementia: preliminary results from a Swedish population-based study. Int Psychogeriatr 2003;15:251-256.

Wimo A, von Strauss E, Nordberg G, Sassi F, Johansson L. Time spent on informal and formal care giving for persons with dementia in Sweden. Health Policy 2002;6:255-268.

Wimo A, Winblad B. Health economic aspects of Alzheimer´s disease and its treatment. Psychogeriatrics 2001;3:189-93.

Wimo A, Nordberg G, Jansson W, Grafstrom M. Assessment of informal services to demented people with the RUD instrument. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2000;15:969-971.

Israelsson L A, Wimo A. Cost minimisation analysis of change in closure technique of midline incisions. Eur J Surg 2000;166:642-646.

Jönsson L, Lindgren P, Wimo A, Jönsson B, Winblad B. Costs of Mini Mental State Examination-related cognitive impairment. Pharmacoeconomics 1999;16:409-16.

Jönsson L, Lindgren P, Wimo A, Jönsson B, Winblad B. The cost-effectiveness of Donepezil therapy in Swedish patients with Alzheimer’s disease: A Markov model. Clin Ther 1999;21:1230-1240.

Wimo A, Karlsson G, Sandman PO, Corder L, Winblad B. Cost of illness due to dementia in Sweden. Int J Geriatr Psychiatr 1997;12:857-61.

Wimo A, Karlsson G, Nordberg A, Winblad B. Treatment of Alzheimer’s disease with tacrine - a cost analysis model. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1997;11;191-200.

Winblad B, Hill S, Beermann B, Wimo A. Issues in the economic evaluation of treatment for dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1997;11:39-45.

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REVIEWS

Giron MST, Fastbom J, Winblad B Clinical trials of potential antidepressants: to what extent are the elderly represented: a review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005;20:201-17. Review.

Bäckman L, Wahlin Å, Small BJ, Herlitz A, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Cognitive functioning in aging and dementia: The Kungsholmen Project. Aging Neuropsych Cognit in press.

Fratiglioni L, Paillard-Borg S, Winblad B. An active and socially integrated lifestyle in late life might protect against dementia. Lancet Neurology in press.

Wang H-X. Vitamin B12, folate, and Alzheimer’s disease. Drug Dev Res 2002;56.111-122.

Forsell Y, Palmer K, Fratiglioni L. Psychiatric symptoms/syndromes in elderly persons with mild cognitive impairment. Data from a cross-sectional study. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 2003;179:25-8.

Palmer K, Backman L, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. A simple three-step model for detection of preclinical dementia among the elderly. Lakartidningen 2003;100:2606-8. Swedish.

Palmer K, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B. What is mild cognitive impairment? Variations in definitions and evolution of nondemented persons with cognitive impairment. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 2003;179:14-20.

Fratiglioni L, von Strauss E, Winblad B. Åldrandets epidemiologi med fokus på fysisk och mental funktiosförmåga. Läkartidningen 2001;6:552-558.

Fratiglioni L, Hui-Xin Wang. Smoking and Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease: review of the epidemiological studies. Behavioural Brain research 2000;113:117-120.

Agüero-Torres H, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Epidemiology of vascular dementia: Some results despite research limitations. Alzheimer Dis Relat Disord 1999;13:S15-S20.

Fratiglioni L. Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s disease. The Kungsholmen Project. Neurol Rev Int 1999;1:12-15.

Fratiglioni L, De Ronchi D, Agüero-Torres H. World-wide prevalence and incidence of dementia. Drugs & Aging 1999;15(5):365-375.

Fratiglioni L. Occurrence and risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Dementia Rev 1999;1:2-7.

Wimo A, Winblad B, Grafström M. The social consequences of Alzheimer’s disease. A review. Int J Geriatr Psychiat 1999;14:338-47.

Wahlin Å. Låga folsyrenivåer, vaskulär sjukdom och kognitiv svikt hos äldre personer. Nordisk Geriatrik 1998;3:6-7.

Fratiglioni L, Agüero-Torres H, Winblad B. Impact of dementia in our societies and current possibilities of prevention. Int J Geriatr Psychopharmacol 1998;1:179-183.

Guo Z, Viitanen M, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B. Blood pressure and dementia in the elderly: epidemiological perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 1997;51:68-73.

Corder EH, Lannfelt L, Bogdanovic N, Fratiglioni L, Mori H. The role of ApoE polymorphism in late-onset dementias. Cell Mol Life Sci 1998;54:928-935.

Whitehouse PJ, Winblad B, Shostak D, Bhattacharjya A, Brod M, Brodaty H, Dor A, Feldman H, Forette F, Gauthier S, Hay J, Hill S, Mastey V, Neumann P, O’Brien B, Pugner K, Sano M, Sawada T, Stone R, Wimo A. 1st International Pharmacoeconomic conference on Alzheimer’s disease: Report and summary. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1998;12(4):266-80.

Fastbom J. Treatment issues in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer Insights 1999;4:7-10 and 1999, Special Edition.

Wimo A, Ljunggren G, Winblad B. Costs due to dementia and dementia care - a review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatr 1997;12:841-856.

Fratiglioni L. Epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease and current possibilities for prevention. Acta Neurol Scand 1996;Suppl 165:33-40.

Winblad B, Hoffman W, Ericsson K, Viitanen M, Fratiglioni L. The clinical evolution of Alzheimer's disease. Ann Psychiatr 1994;4:175-183.

van Duijn CM, Clayton D, Chandra V, Fratiglioni L, et al. Interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: A re-analysis of case-control studies. Genet Epidemiol 1994;11:539-551.

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BOOK CHAPTERS

von Hofsten, C., & Bäckman, L. (2002). (Eds.). Psychology at the millennium. Vol. 2: Developmental, Social, and Health Perspectives. London: Psychology Press.

Bäckman L, von Hofsten C. (Eds.). Psychology at the millennium. Vol. 1: Cognitive and biological perspectives. London: Psychology Press in press.

Bäckman L, Small BJ, Fratiglioni L. Cognitive deficits in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: Current knowledge and future directions. In RD Dixon, L Bäckman, L-G Nilsson (Eds.). New frontiers in cognitive aging. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press in press.

Bäckman, L., & Farde, L. The role of dopamine functions in cognitive aging. In R. Cabeza, L. Nyberg, & D. C. Park: Cognitive neuroscience of aging: Linking cognitive and cerebral aging. New York: Oxford University Press, in press.

Dixon RA, Bäckman L, Nilsson L-G (Eds.). New frontiers in cognitive aging. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, in press.

Nyberg L, Bäckman L. Reciprocal influences of biological and self-initiated factors on brain and cognition in adulthood and aging. In P. B. Baltes , P. Reuter-Lorenz, & F. Rösler F. (Eds.), Brain, mind, and culture: From interactionism to biocultural-co-constructivism. New York: Cambridge University Press, in press.

Nyberg L, Bäckman L. Cognitive aging: A view from brain imaging. In RD Dixon, L Bäckman, L-G Nilsson (Eds.), New frontiers in cognitive aging. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, in press.

Small BJ, Bäckman L. Episodic memory impairment in preclinical Alzheimer´s disease: The role of encoding, consolidation, and retrieval factors. In H. D. Zimmer, A. Mecklinger, & U. Lindenberger U. (Eds.), Binding in human memory: A neurocognitive approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press, in press.

Small BJ, Herlitz A, Bäckman L. Memory and cognitive functioning in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. In R. G. Morris & J. T. Becker (Eds.). The cognitive neuropsychology of Alzheimer’s disease (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, in press.

Small BJ, Fratiglioni L, Bäckman L. (2003). Stability of preclinical memory deficit in Alzheimer´s disease. In B. Vellas, L. J. Fitten, B. Winblad, H. Feldman, M. Grundman, E. Giacobini, & A. Kurs (Eds.), Research and practice in Alzheimer´s disease (7th. Ed, pp. 74-79). Paris: Serdi Publishing.

Nilsson L-G, Bäckman L, Cruts M, Edvardsson H, Nyberg L, van Broeckhoven C, Adolfsson R. (2002). Memory development in adulthood and old age: The Betula prospective cohort study. In P. Graf & N. Ohta (Eds.), Life-span development of human memory (pp. 185-204). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Qiu CX, Skoog I, Fratiglioni L. Occurrence and determinants of vascular cognitive impairment. In Erkinjuntti T, Gauthier S, eds. Vascular Cognitive Impairment. 2002 Martin Dunitz Publisher: London. Pages 59-81.

Qiu CX, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s disease (a review, in Chinese). In: Liming Li, et al. eds. Progress in Epidemiology (a series book, Vol. 10), Beijing University Press (Medical Section), 2002, Beijing, in press.

Small BJ, Fratiglioni L, Viitanen M, Winblad B, Bäckman L. The time course of cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. In B Vellas, H Grudman, H Feldman, FJ Fitten, B Winblad, E Giacobini (Eds.), Research and practice in Alzheimer's disease (4th ed.). New York: Springer, in press.

Small BJ, Herlitz A, Bäckman L. The prodromal presentation of Alzheimer's disease. In RG Morris, JT Becker (Eds.), The cognitive neuropsychology of Alzheimer-type dementia (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, in press.

Wahlin Å. Health, disease, and cognitive functioning in old age. In RD Dixon, L Bäckman, L-G Nilsson (Eds.), New frontiers in cognitive aging. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, in press.

Bäckman L, Small BJ, Fratiglioni L. The nature and course of the memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease. In P Graf and N Ohta eds, “Life-span develoment of memory”. The MIT press, Cambridge 2002; pages 205-232.

Fratiglioni L, Rocca W, Epidemiology of dementia. In F Boller and S Cappa eds “Handbook of Neuropsychology: Aging and dementia”; Elsevier Science Publisher; Amsterdam, 2001; pages 193-216.

Bäckman L, Small BJ, Wahlin Å. Aging and memory: Cognitive and biological perspectives. In JE Birren, KW Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (5th ed., pp. 349-377). San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2001.

Wimo A, Karlsson G, Winblad B. Health economic aspects of dementia. In: O´Brien J, Ames D, Burns A (eds). Dementia 2nd edition, pp 207-16. Arnold, London, UK, 2000.

Jönsson B, Jönsson L, Wimo A. Cost of dementia. In: (Eds May M, Sartotius N) Dementia. WPA Series Evidence and experience in Psychiatry, 2000. John Wiley & Son, London, UK.

Fratiglioni L. Dementia: a public health emergency and a scientific challenge. In Maj E, Sartorius N eds. Dementia, WPA Series Evidence and practice in Psychiatry. Wiley, Chichester 2000; pages 47-50.

Fratiglioni L, Small B, Winblad B, Bäckman L. The transition from normal functioning to dementia in the aging population. In K Iqbal, S Sisodia, B Winblad eds. Alzheimer’s disease: Advances in etiology, pathogenesis and therapeutics. 2001 John Wiley & sons, LtD, pages 3-10.

Hill RD, Bäckman L. (2000). Theoretical and methodological issues in memory training. In: Hill RD, Bäckman L, Stigsdotter-Neely A, eds. Cognitive rehabilitation in old age (pp23-41). Oxford University Press, New York.

Jansson W, Nordberg G, Grafström M. (2000). Caring activities of a spouse caring for his/her partner with dementia in the home. In Proceeding Book from World Alzheimer Congress 2000. Creative Care. Alzheimer´s Association, Alzheimer´s Disease International and Alzheimers Society of Canada. Washington DC, USA.

Bäckman L, Small BJ, Wahlin Å, Larsson M. (1999). Cognitive functioning in very old age. In: Craik FIM, Salthouse TA, eds. Handbook of cognitive aging. Hillsdale NJ: Erlbaum. Vol. 2, pp. 499-558.

Bäckman L, Small BJ, Larsson M. (2000). Memory. In: Evans JG, Williams TF, Beattie BL, Michel J-P, Wilcock GK, eds. Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Vol. 2 pp 906-916.

Dixon RA, Bäckman L. Principles of compensation. In: Stuss DT, Winocur G, Robertson IH, eds. Cognitive neurorehabilitation: A comprehensive approach. 1999 New York, Cambridge University Press.

Johansson B, Wahlin Å. (1998). Cognition and geropsychological assessment. In: Edelstein B, eds. Comprehensive clinical psychology: Clinical geropsychology. Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford. Vol. 7, pp 25-53.

Bäckman L, Small BJ. (1998). A continuity view of episodic memory impairment: Illustrations from Alzheimer’s disease and major depression. In: von Euler C, Lundberg I, Llinás R, eds. Basic mechanisms in cognition and language. Pergamon, New York. pp 243-260.

Small BJ, Herlitz A, Bäckman L. (1998). Cognitive development in Alzheimer’s disease: Charting the decline process. In: Edelstein B, eds. Comprehensive clinical psychology: Clinical geropsychology. Elsevier, Oxford. Vol. 7, pp 231-245.

Fastbom J, Giron M. (1998). Drug costs in dementia care. In: Health Economics of dementia. Winblad B, Wimo A, Jonsson B, Karlsson G, eds. John Wiley and Sons, London. pp 285-298.

Fratiglioni L. (1998). Classifications and diagnostics. In: Health Economics of Dementia. Winblad B, Wimo A, Jonsson B, Karlsson G, eds. John Wiley and Sons, London. pp 3-11.

Fratiglioni L. (1998). Epidemiology. In: Health Economics of Dementia. Winblad B, Wimo A, Jonsson B, Karlsson G, eds. John Wiley and Sons, London. pp 13-31.

Grafström M, Sandman P-O. (1998). Instruments to measure the family caregiver burden. In: Health Economics of dementia. Winblad B, Wimo A, Jonsson B, Karlsson G, eds. John Wiley and sons, London. pp 285-298.
Wimo A, Karlsson G, Jönsson B, Winblad B, eds. (1998). The Health Economics of dementia. Wiley, London.

Winblad B, Corder E, Fratiglioni L, Basun H, Lannfelt L, Viitanen M. The prevalence of clinical dementia diagnosis varies with Apolipoprotein E polymorphism in a population sample of very old adults. In K Iqbal, B Winblad, HM Wisniewski eds. Alzheimer’s disease: Biology, diagnosis and therapeutics. John Wiley & sons Ltd 1997.

Bäckman L, Herlitz A. (1996). Knowledge and memory in Alzheimer’s disease: A relationship that exists. In: Morris RG, eds. The neuropsychology of Alzheimer’s disease. Oxford University Press, Oxford. pp 89-104.

Bäckman L, Hill RD. (1996). Cognitive function and everyday competence: Patterns in normal aging and dementia. In: Woods RT, eds. Handbook of the clinical psychology of aging. Wiley, London. pp 73-92.

Bäckman L. (1995). Cognitive support and episodic memory in normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease: A continuity view of the modifiability of memory performance in old age. In: Cacabelos R, Frey H, Winblad B, eds. Neurogerontology and Neurogeriatrics Prous, Barcelona. Vol. 1, pp 85-106.

Dixon RA, Bäckman L, eds. (1995). Concepts of compensation: Integrated, differentiated, and Janus-faced. In: Dixon RA, Bäckman L, eds. Compensating for psychological deficits and declines: Managing losses and promoting gains. Erlbaum, Hillsdale NJ. pp 3-19.

Dixon RA, Bäckman L. (1994). Compensatory mechanisms. In: Sternberg RJ, eds. Encyclopedia of human intelligence. Macmillan, New York. pp 279-283.

Herlitz A, Lipinska B, Bäckman L. Utilization of cognitive support for episodic remembering in Alzheimer’s disease. In: Bäckman L, ed. Memory functioning in dementia. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992:73-96.

MASTER AND PhD THESES

Master & Licentiate Theses

Hillerås, P., Well-being among the very old. A survey on sample age 90 years and above., in NEUROTEC. 1998, Karolinska Institutet: Stockholm.

Nilsson, M., Quality of life in old age - essential features, in NEUROTEC. 1997, Karolinska Insitutet: Stockholm.

Wills, P., Drug use in the elderly: Who? What? & Why?, in NEUROTEC. 1996, Karolinska Institutet: Stockholm.

Hassing, L., Episodic memory functioning in nonagenarians. Effects of depression in dementia, in NEUROTEC. 1996, Karolinska Institutet: Stockholm.

von Strauss, E., Reported attitudes towards research and participation in an epidemiological longitudinal study of the elderly, in NEUROTEC. 1995, Karolinska Institutet: Stockholm.

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Doctoral Theses

Palmer, K. Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia in the general population. 2004.

Berger, A-K. Old age depression: Occurrence and influence on cognitive functioning in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. 2004.

Larsson, K. According to need? Predicting use of formal and informal care in a Swedish urban elderly population. 2004

Cornelius C. Drug use in the elderly: Risk or protection? 2004.

Qiu C. The relation of blood pressure to dementia in the elderly. A community-based longitudinal study. 2004.

Jönsson L. Economic evaluation of treatments for Alzheimer’s disease. 2003.

Fahlander K. Cognitive functioning in aging and dementia. The role of psychiatric and somatic factors. 2002.

Giron MST. The rational use of drugs in a population of very old persons. 2002.

Kabir ZN. The emerging elderly population in Bangladesh: aspects of their health and social situation. 2001.

Wang H. Impact of lifestyles on the occurrence of dementia. 2001.
Jansson W. Family-based dementia care: experiences from the perspective of spouses and adult children. 2001.

von Strauss E. Being old in our society: Health, functional status, and effects of research. 2000.

Hillerås P. Well-being among the very old. A survey on a sample aged 90 years and above. 2000.

Nilsson M. Understanding the meaning of past, preent and future in advanced age. 2000.

Robins Wahlin T-B. Cognitive functioning in late senescence. Influences of age and health. 1999.

Almberg B. Family caregivers caring for relatives with dementia. Pre- and post- death experiences. 1999.

Zhu L. Cerebrovascular disease and dementia. A population-based study. 1999.

Agüero Torres H. Natural history of Alzheimer´s disease and other dementias - findings from a population based study. 1998.

Guo Z. Blood pressure and dementia in the very old. An epidemiologic study. 1998.

Hassing L. Episodic memory functioning in nonagenarians: Effects of demographic factors, vitamin status, depression and dementia. 1998.

Wahlin Å. Episodic memory functioning in very old age. Individual differences and utilization of cognitive support. 1996.

Grut M. Clinical aspects of cognitive functioning in aging and dementia. Data from a population-based study of very old adults. 1995.

Forsell Y. Depression and dementia in the elderly. 1994.

Grafström M. The experience of burden in the care of elderly persons with dementia. 1994.

Holmén K. Loneliness among elderly people. Implications for those with cognitive impairment. 1994.

Basun H. Biological markers in Alzheimer´s disease. Diagnostic implications. 1993.

Fratiglioni L. Epidemiology of Alzheimer´s disease. Issues of etiology and validity. Acta Neurol Scand 1993;87 (suppl145):1-70.

Herlitz A. Remembering in Alzheimer´s disease. Utilization of cognitive support. 1991.

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REPORTS

Von Strauss E. Unika exempel mer regel än undantag. Tidskriften Äldre i Centrum 2003;3:9.

Fastbom J. Polyfarmaci hos äldre. Daisy News 2003;1:6-7.

Fastbom J. Att ta medicin när man är äldre. Infomedica 2002.

Fratiglioni L, Aguero-Torres H, Winblad B. Demens- ett stort och ökande folkhälso-problem. Stiftelsen Stockholms läns Äldrecentrum 2001- Rapport 18.

Hillerås P. Välbefinnande hos de allra äldsta. Stockholm: Stiftelsen Stockholms läns Äldrecentrum, Äldre och Folkhälsa 2000;6:13.

Hillerås P. Välbefinnandemätningar bland äldre. Nordisk Geriatrik, 2000;4:62-66.

Fastbom J. Äldre och Läkemedel. Delrapport 7 i projektet Äldre och Folkhälsa. Rapporter/Stiftelsen Stockholms Läns Äldrecentrum. 2000.

Fastbom, J. Överblick: Läkemedelsbiverkningar och polyfarmaci hos äldre i öppen vård. Nordisk Geriatrik 2000;3.

Fratiglioni L. Förekomst av och riskfaktorer vid Alzheimers sjukdom. Resultat från Kungsholmsprojektet. Incitament 1999;1:42-46.

von Strauss E. Åldrande och förekomst av demens hos 90 åringar och äldre. Incitament 1999;4:42-46.

Fastbom J. Äldre människor mer känsliga för läkemedel än yngre. Tidskriften Äldre i Centrum 1999;2:8-10.

Fastbom J. Läkemedelsanvändning vid demens. Incitament 1999;4:56-60.

Forsell Y. Psychiatric disorders an increasing problem? An essay for the Swedish Public Health committee. 1999.

Wahlin Å. När vi åldras blir samtidigt allt mer olika varandra. Tidskriften Äldre i Centrum 1998;4:9-11.

Fastbom J. Användning av nyare psykofarmaka vid behandling av psykiatiska tillstånd och beteendestörningar hos äldre. Nordisk Geriatrik 1998;3:24-28.

Fastbom J. Läkemedelsanvändning och kostnader hos äldre: En studie i Kungsholms projektet. Delrapport 10 inom projektet Kvalitetsbokslut för Äldre. Rapporter/Stiftelsen Stockholms Läns Äldrecentrum. 1998.

Wimo A, Winblad B. Fratiglioni L. Hälso och sjukvård vid demenstillstånd. In: Sjukvården i Sverige 1998. Socialstyrelsened 1998.

Wimo A, Winblad B. Hur demonstreras neuroprotektion vid behandling av demens? Nordisk geriatrik 1998;1(2):78-81.

Wimo A. Demensutredningar i primärvården. Demensforum 1998(4):12-13.
Forsell Y, Gustafson L. Psychiatric disorders in the elderly. Book from The Swedish Social Board. 1998.

Forsell Y, Parmsund M, Winzer R. Kvinnor och psykisk ohälsa: en översikt. Stockholms läns kvinnohälsorapport. Stockholm County Council,1997.

Bäckman L, Thorslund M, Winblad B. (1996). Svensk äldreforskning i ett internationellt perspektiv. Report for The Swedish Council of Social Research.

Wimo A. Consensus technical paper on cognitive impairment work package III epidemiology and socioeconomy. Chapter 2: Health services consumption, chapter 3: Cost evaluation (EU-report).

Wimo A, Sandman PO. Demensvård inför 2000-talet. Skrift för Svenska Kommunförbundet.

Nordberg A, Bäckman L, Karlsson I. (1995). Farmakologisk och icke-farmakologisk behandling vid demens. In: Stendahl O, eds. Demenssjukdom: Diagnostik, tidig behandling och anhörigas insatser. The Swedish Medical Research Council, Stockholm. pp 41-49.

Wallskär H. Livet efter sjuttiofem: data från Kungsholmsstudien. Stiftelsen Stockholms Läns Äldrecentrum, Stockholm, 1995.

Almberg B, Jansson W. Fånga stunden. Liber förlag, Stockholm, 1994.

Bäckman L, Thorslund M, Winblad B. (1994). Aktuell svensk äldreforskning: En positionsbestämning. Report for The Swedish Council of Social Research.

Grafström M, Winblad B, Borell L, Burénius L. Bilder av Alzheimer. Fem situationer ur livet. Stiftelsen Äldrecentrum, Förlaget Hagman AB & författarna, Stockholm, 1994.

Grafström M. Overgrep mot eldre i hjemmet. En nordisk rapport. Published by Nordiska Ministerrådet 1993. Authors: Nordiska forskargruppen: Ida Hydle, Sigurd Johns, Britt-Inger Saveman, Lars Tornstam, Liisa Korhonen, Irma Virjo, Sirkka-Liisa Kivelä, Birgitta Odén, Margareta Grafström.

Grafström M. Övergrepp mot äldre i hemmet. Kartläggning och beskrivning av fysiska, psykiska och ekonomiska övergrepp mot äldre i hemmet Rapport genomförd på uppdrag av Socialstyrelsen 1992. Nordiska forskargruppen: Ida Hydle, Sigurd Johns, Britt-Inger Saveman, Lars Tornstam, Liisa Korhonen, Irma Virjo, Sirkka-Liisa Kivelä, Birgitta Odén, Margareta Grafström.

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